{"id":352,"date":"2024-08-29T11:56:56","date_gmt":"2024-08-29T11:56:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nohatepolice.eu\/?p=352"},"modified":"2024-08-30T09:48:35","modified_gmt":"2024-08-30T09:48:35","slug":"what-is-hate-speech-and-hate-crime","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nohatepolice.eu\/el\/2024\/08\/29\/what-is-hate-speech-and-hate-crime\/","title":{"rendered":"\u03a4\u03b9 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03a1\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u039c\u03af\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u0395\u03b3\u03ba\u03bb\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u039c\u03af\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2;"},"content":{"rendered":"\n[et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]

What is Hate Speech and Hate Crime?<\/h3>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” hover_enabled=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” sticky_enabled=”0″]

There is no universally accepted legal definition of hate speech, and determining what constitutes “hateful” content is often contentious and debated. The United Nations defines hate speech as \u201cany kind of communication in speech, writing or behaviour, that attacks or uses pejorative or discriminatory language with reference to a person or a group on the basis of who they are, in other words, based on their religion, ethnicity, nationality, race, colour, descent, gender or other identity factor\u201d (United Nations, 2019). Hate speech can encompass a wide range of expressions, from Islamophobic blogs and racial epithets to violent symbols and messages like swastika-emblazoned placards declaring “Hitler should have finished the job” (Waldron, 2012).<\/p>\n

Hate speech can lead not only to societal conflict but also to hate crimes. There is often a progression from online hate speech to real-world violence and attacks motivated by hate. Research indicates a strong correlation between hate speech on social media and physical crimes against minorities. This phenomenon can be conceptualized as a \u201cpyramid of hate\u201d or a \u201cladder of harm,\u201d beginning with acts of bias (e.g., bullying, ridicule, dehumanization) and discrimination (e.g., economic, political), and escalating to bias-motivated violence such as murder, rape, assault, terrorism, violent extremism, and even genocide (European Commission, 2021; OSCE ODHIR, 2020).<\/p>\n

For both hate speech and hate crimes, the perpetrator\u2019s bias motivation is crucial. Victims are targeted based on their actual or perceived connection to a community or group that shares a protected characteristic. These acts are \u201cidentity\u201d or \u201cmessage\u201d crimes, with the conveyed message often being that the targeted victims do not belong to society. This message is directed not only at the victim but also at their community or group. Therefore, the motive behind these offenses is essential in distinguishing them from other crimes and in recognizing their greater severity, considering the specific impact on the individual victim, communities, and society at large (Council of Europe, European Commission against Racism and Intolerance; European Parliament, 2018; European Commission, 2021).<\/p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_divider show_divider=”off” _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” max_height=”1000px” custom_margin=”0px||||false|false” custom_padding=”25px||||false|false” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_divider][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” text_font_size=”12px” hover_enabled=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” sticky_enabled=”0″]

Citations<\/p>\n